To be discussed with writter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

To be discussed with writter - Essay Example In the proposed research study, the extent to which celebrity endorsement influences the consumers will be determined. The report will not only discuss the impact of celebrity endorsement on consumers but it will also compare the consumer purchasing behaviour as a result of celebrity endorsement in the past, present and future. The primary research objectives will be to evaluate the influence of celebrity endorsement on perceptions and attitude of consumers towards the brand, celebrity and advertising. To investigate the research question, both the qualitative and quantitative research methodology will be used. In the qualitative research methodology, the theoretical concepts and published research work will be used. Primary data will be collected through a survey which will be conducted in location and a total of 250 participants belonging to different professions will be asked to fill the designed questionnaires. The questionnaire will be designed to collect data on demographics an d selected variables. The identified dependent variables are perception of consumers about the brand, perception of consumers about the brand, attitude of consumer towards endorser, attitude of consumer towards brand, attitude of consumer towards advertisement, Popularity of advertisement, effectiveness and sales and the independent variable are Trustworthiness, characteristics of endorser, attractiveness, likeability and awareness. The collected data will be analysed through SPSS software tools such as cross tabulation, frequency analysis, correlation and internal consistency analysis. The potential problems that can emerge while conducting this research study include the unwillingness of consumers to cooperate, socially acceptable answers, self interest of public and geographical limitation. It is expected that findings of this research study will provide insights to the consumer buying behaviour and the impact of celebrity

The Unresponsive Bystander Essay Example for Free

The Unresponsive Bystander Essay In the chapter â€Å"Where There’s Smoke,† Latane and Darley (1970) narrate the proceedings and outcomes of their experiment employing the use of smoke as treatment which serves to illustrate further the validity of the authors’ contention that the presence of other people actually deters an individual from reacting decisively to a potential emergency. Through the â€Å"smoke experiment, Latane and Darley were able to observe the individual behavior of the bystander in a simulated emergency environment and later prove their thesis that â€Å"the constraints on behavior in public combined with the processes of social influence would lessen the likelihood that members of three-person groups would act to cope with the emergency. †   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The â€Å"smoke† research is primarily a social science experiment where the presence of other people is considered the variable in determining what Latane and Darley coin as the â€Å"bystander intervention in emergencies.† Under the guise of conducting an interview on the problems of urban life, the target respondents—male Columbia University students residing on or near the campus— are invited to participate in the experiment through a telephone call without any other means of contact with the experimenters. They are subsequently assigned into three categories: the alone group or the control group, where the respondents are left by themselves in the experiment room; the two-passive confederates group or the first variable group, where the respondents are joined in by two other men pretending to be respondents to the experiment; and the three naà ¯ve bystanders group or the second variable group, where there were three respondents all at once in the same room. All categories of respondents were made to answer a questionnaire supposedly on the problems of urban life and while they were doing this, smoke was slowly piped in through a small vent in the wall of the room as a stimuli; the basic assumption being that the smoke would â€Å"create   an ambiguous but potentially dangerous situation† or, as the title suggests, lead the respondents in the room into thinking that something was burning. The smoke, generated by the reaction of titanium tetrachloride and water vapor, was allowed to filter in a few minutes after the respondent had started on the questionnaire and continued to pour into the room until the respondent decides to report it. After four minutes it would fill the room â€Å"enough to obscure vision, produce a mildly acrid odor, and interfere with breathing.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Results of the research, although expected, were interesting. As predicted, the respondents in the Alone category â€Å"behaved in a very reasonable manner† in which, after moments of indecision and hesitation he promptly investigated and reported the presence of smoke to â€Å"somebody in the hall who looked as if he belonged there.† On the other hand, majority of those left in the room with the two passive confederates, â€Å"coughed, rubbed their eyes, and opened the window† but failed to report the incident even if it had filled the room to an uncomfortable level. Those in the three naà ¯ve bystanders group performed similarly to the two passive confederates group despite the fact that there should have been thrice as many chance that the smoke would be promptly reported as in the Alone category. In the post-experiment interview conducted later, the experimenters found out that those who did not report the smoke uniformly â€Å"rejected the idea that it was fire† and instead created â€Å"an astonishing variety of alternative explanations† which disregarded the potentially dangerous nature of the source of smoke.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While the experiment proves their thesis, Latane and Darley warn the reader from jumping to conclusions or expecting similar results in predicting the individual behavior of human beings, or what they call bystanders, in times of emergencies when there are other people around but in distinctively different settings. They demonstrate, for instance, how the results of the smoke experiment may not be wholly applicable when fire breaks out in a theater or when any other emergency arises in a crowded place. They are quick, however, in pointing out that in a crowd of a thousand people, there would be a thousand chance that someone will react impulsively—or curiously—to the stimuli and report it promptly to the audience, creating a much bigger potential disaster such as a stampede.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The smoke experiment therefore affirms the applicability of the social impact theory by showing a possible explanation by which an individual, in the presence of other people, is more likely to restrain his or her reactions in the face of an emergency or a potential emergency. It enhances the theory further by showing how individuals tend to act in conformity with others, how individuals tend to act out what they believe is expected of them by others, and how society, in turn, is able to define the norms and rules by which human beings conduct their daily lives, their reactions, and their expectations of others.

Post-traumatic stress disorder in Kuwait :: Post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD

REPAIRING A NATION POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER IN KUWAIT THESIS: Studies made by experts found after the liberation of Kuwait following the Gulf War of 1991 that most children who were inside the country experienced undesirable emotions simultaneously which brought out more abnormal behaviors. INTRODUCTION In the oppressively hot summer of 1990 the second of August to be exact, people were sleeping peacefully in their homes. It was a Thursday morning and most Kuwaitis had left the country on holiday. No one ever suspected or believed that a neighboring country of the same religion would invade such a small innocent country. Most of the Kuwaiti citizens who were inside the country or outside were in shock. This Iraqi occupation that Kuwait suffered for seven months was dramatically experienced by both adults and children. They were exposed to such brutal atrocities as executing anyone who had a typewriter or a camera so that no one in the outside world would know how indecently they were treating a neighboring country. Plus any interference in Sadaam's military actions resulted in hundreds of patriots who fought bravely for the freedom of their country. The Iraqi soldiers tried to terrorize the Kuwaiti people by subjecting them to different types of torture techniques like raping virgin females and mothers in front of their children. Rape was practiced not only on females but young males too. Many Kuwaiti civilian men, women and children were taken from their homes and never returned to their families. There are still 625 Kuwaiti hostages in Iraq. This number means much to a small community where every family is related to a POW. The people who suffered less are those who lost their homes, money and other valuables. All those terrors of war have now caused what is called Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) (Second International Conference, Mental Health in the State of Kuwait). People suffered from this brutal and fateful period when the country was under occupation, either by being forced to start over from scratch or by working in a new job, building a new house. Many people fell into poverty. Also the thought that their country no longer existed during the invasion had a very difficult mental effect on the people. They could not believe the reality that their country was being occupied. This idea was especially traumatic for older people. The behaviors and emotions of Kuwaitis under such war-like circumstances are not new to psychology.

Clamence from The Fall by Albert Camus Essay -- Jean-Baptiste Clamence

Clamence from The Fall by Albert Camus The Fall, a 1957 novel written by Nobel Prize winner Albert Camus, is a story based on confession. The main character, Jean-Baptiste Clamence, portrays himself to be the epitome of good citizenship and acceptable behavior and now he has come to face the reality that his existence has been deeply seated in hypocrisy. Clamence also openly enjoys the wealth of cheap dreams that the prostitutes and bars his Amsterdam home has to offer. In a bar called Mexico City, Clamence begins to recall his life as a respected lawyer, supposedly immune to judgment. There are different theories on whether Clamence recalls his life to himself or to another person, but it is in fact a random acquaintance from the bar that Clamence shares stories of his life’s triumphs and failures. While Clamence is in the bar, he asks another person who is trying to order a drink if he "may offer his services without running the risk of intruding" because unless the man authorizes him to perform his services, the bartender will not guess that he wants gin. The service Clamence is referring to is his ability to speak Dutch, the only language the bartender speaks and understands. What suggests that Clamence is speaking to another person in the bar is the fact that if someone wants to do something, they do not need to be given permission by himself. If a person feels they are not allowed to do something, it is because one of two reasons. One, the person might feel the action is inappropriate and that would directly deal with that persons set of morals and discipline. Secondly, the person might not be allowed to perform the task by the person it would deal with and that would have to do with power of authori... ...nce states that he is "embarrassed to be in bed when you arrive." This quote clearly states that Clamence is in one location and another person enters this place unexpectedly and catches him by surprise, thus causing the embarrassment of possibly an unkempt house or a unattractive personal appearance due to the sickness. The reason why there are two people present is because Clamence says "you" which means he is addressing some one else. Although different theories on whether or not Clamence is alone when he recalls his life may exist, it is in fact an acquaintance that he shares his life with. In order for Camus' choice of wording that deal with ownership and possession and by definition of key words such as "secret" to be used in accordance with rules of proper grammar, another person must be present for the meaning of the words to be applied correctly.

Classical Approach to Management

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION I. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Management in all business and organizational activities is the act of getting people together to accomplish desired goals and objectives using available resources efficiently and effectively. Management comprises planning, organizing, staffing, leading or directing, and controlling an organization (a group of one or more people or entities) or effort for the purpose of accomplishing a goal. Resourcing encompasses the deployment and manipulation of human resources, financial resources, technological resources and natural resources. In for-profit work, management has as its primary function the satisfaction of a range of stakeholders. This typically involves making a profit (for the shareholders), creating valued products at a reasonable cost (for customers) and providing rewarding employment opportunities (for employees). In nonprofit management, add the importance of keeping the faith of donors. In most models of management/governance, shareholders vote for the board of directors, and the board then hires senior management. Some organizations have experimented with other methods (such as employee-voting models) of selecting or reviewing managers; but this occurs only very rarely. In the public sector of countries constituted as representative democracies, voters elect politicians to public office. Such politicians hire many managers and administrators, and in some countries like the United States political appointees lose their jobs on the election of a new president/governor/mayor. Since organizations can be viewed as systems, management can also be defined as human action, including design, to facilitate the production of useful outcomes from a system. This view opens the opportunity to ‘manage' oneself, a pre-requisite to attempting to manage others. II. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Management is often included as a factor of production along with machines, materials and money. According to the management guru Peter Drucker (1909–2005), the basic task of a management is twofold: marketing and innovation. The problem of this research is how to use the classical approach to management in this researcher's job as a manager and determine how it affects the interlocking functions of formulating corporate policy and organizing, planning, controlling, and directing the firm's resources to achieve the policy's objectives. III. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY The researcher aims to use the classical approach to management as a manager, and employ Henri Fayol's general theory of management which consists of six primary functions of management and 14 principles of management, and Frederick Taylor's scientific management which focuses on improving economic efficiency, especially labor productivity. IV. SYNOPSIS As the manager, this researcher will lay down the framework of organization first by creating the top-level managers. They will be responsible for controlling and overseeing the entire organization. They will develop goals, strategic plans, company policies, and make decisions on the direction of the business. In addition, the top-level managers will be involved in the mobilization of outside resources and will be accountable to the shareholders and general public. In order to establish a strong, well-founded, and steady workflow, the researcher will integrate Fayol's Principles of Management in outlining the business policy that will include: a) the mission of the business which is the most obvious purpose: b) the vision of the business which reflects its aspirations and specifies its intended direction or future destination: c) the objective of the business which refers to the ends or activity at which a certain task is aimed; d) the business policy that will stipulate rules, regulations and objectives, and may be used in the managers' ecision-making(it must be flexible and easily interpreted and understood by all employees; and e) the business strategy which will coordinate plans of actions that it is going to take, as well as the resources that it will use, to realize its vision and long-term objectives, and will also serve as a guideline to managers, stipulating how they ought to allocate and utilize the factors of production to the busine ss's advantage. During the operational stage, the researcher will employ Taylor's principles in maintaining economic efficiency emphasizing the prevention of interpersonal friction between workers and managers, and social tensions between the blue-collar and white-collar classes. To do this, the workforce will be given one seat to the Board of Directors so that they will be properly represented in ventilating their concerns. One good example of Taylor's and Fayol's approaches is the case of Bergen Community College (BCC) Bergen  Community College  is a diverse organization that consists of many different departments. The manager who supervises this college is responsible for over 500 employees and a customer (student) base of over 12,000. It is important for a manger to look at the needs of the students and then try to implement the best management system that satisfies all the members of the organization. One factor to look at is the environment of BCC. The main factors that concern the general environment of BCC are the economic conditions, social conditions and the technological factors. At the present time, the  economic factors  are favorable to BCC. The economy is doing well and most people are earning a higher income. This allows people to go to school and it also allows parents to send their children to school. Since the economy is doing well, there is more competition in the workplace, so one needs a higher education to move into a better position. Also, people could work less and make the same amount of money, thus freeing up time to attend classes at a school. All of these  economic factors lead to an increase in enrollment. However, these are not the only theories that are found in management. Many ther theories exist, and they all focus on a different aspect of management. The  Quantitative Approach  uses quantitative techniques, such as statistics and computer simulations, to improve decision-making. The Organizational Approach  is concerned with the behaviors of people at work. This theory has led to such things as human resources management, teamwork, motivation and leadership qualities. However, there are also some disadvantages that may occur. One disadvantage is that with less supervision, the employees may not work hard, thus decreasing performance. Also, there may be some bitterness between co-workers, decreasing the overall performance of the group will decrease. Instead of doing what is best for the organization, the workers may do things only for their benefit or makes them look good and not care about their peers or the organization. All of these forces in BCC’s general environment are affecting BCC in a positive way. They are causing the enrollment of BCC to increase. As a result, there are many factors in its specific forces that are becoming more complex. These factors are the suppliers, customers, competition, government agencies, and special interest. The suppliers are complex because there is a large number of customers at BCC. Thus, BCC has to ensure that they have proper furniture, classrooms, computers, and other everyday necessities. At the same time, the computer system of the various departments has to be properly maintained to make sure that the student’s records are properly kept. Also, proper maintenance of the buildings has to be maintained. This rapidly changing environment makes the job of any manager extremely difficult. However, she needs to take advantage of the good economy to increase the enrollment at the school as well as try and receive extra funding from the government and special interest groups to expand the school and the programs offered. At the same time, the manger needs to be aware of the competition for the students from the four-year universities and the increasing number of vocational schools. Also, the manager needs to make sure that the staff is doing its most to satisfy the needs of the customers V. DEFINITION OF TERMS 1. Scientific management – also called Taylorism, was a theory of management that analyzed and synthesized workflows. 2. Administrative management – management approach that concentrates on the total organization. The emphasis is on the development of managerial principles rather than work methods. 3. Top-Level Managers – Typically consist of board of directors, president, vice-president, CEO, etc. They are responsible for controlling and overseeing the entire organization. They develop goals, strategic plans, company policies, and make decisions on the direction of the business. In addition, top-level managers play a significant role in the mobilization of outside resources and are accountable to the shareholders and general public. 4. Workforce – VI. LIMITATION OF THE STUDY This research primarily aims to use the classical approach to management in this researcher's job as manager in a private business enterprise and does not include political, educational, and financial institutions. It focuses on employing Frederick Taylor's and Henry Fayol's management approaches to find out its effects in today's marketing and innovations. CHAPTER 2 METHODOLOGY I. RESEARCH DESIGN This research is designed in several components: Document analysis, surveys of similar business enterprises, and interviews of managements and workforce, and assessment of findings. II. SAMPLING PROCEDURES The researcher will employ the stratified sampling technique so that the identified business enterprises that will be included in the sample will be represented in the same proportion that they exist in the population to enable the researcher draw appropriate inferences. The researcher also believe that this technique could lead to a more efficient statistical estimates. CHAPTER 3 I. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK According to Fayol's theory, there were six primary functions of management namely; forecasting, planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and monitoring; and 14 principles of management namely; Division of work, Authority, Discipline. , Unity of command, Unity of direction. Subordination of individual interests to the general interest, Remuneration, Centralisation, Scalar chain, Order, Equity. , Stability of tenure of personnel, Initiative, and Esprit de corps. Frederick Taylor  is often called the â€Å"father of scientific management. Taylor believed that organizations should study tasks and develop precise procedures. As an example, in 1898, Taylor calculated how much iron from rail cars Bethlehem Steel plant workers could be unloading if they were using the correct movements, tools, and steps. The result was an amazing 47. 5 tons per day instead of the mere 12. 5 tons each worker had been averaging. In addition, by redesigning the shov els the workers used, Taylor was able to increase the length of work time and therefore decrease the number of people shoveling from 500 to 140. Lastly, he developed an incentive system that paid workers more money for meeting the new standard. Productivity at Bethlehem Steel shot up overnight. As a result, many theorists followed Taylor's philosophy when developing their own principles of management. Utilizing Frederick Taylor's and Henri Fayol's principles of management, with little modification so as to adapt to the modern world of marketing and innovations, this researcher believes that interpersonal and social clashes will be minimized if not avoided, and a cost-effective, well-organized, competent, and efficient business enterprise would be established. II. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK The conceptual framework of this researcher focuses on using the classical approach to management in his job as a manager that aims to establish whether it is still effective in today's modern world of marketing and innovations. The substance of this study will primarily be dependent on the researcher's data that will come from document analysis, surveys, interviews, and assessment of findings. III. ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK The purpose of this research is to use the classical approach to management in this researcher's job as manager to find out if the principle is still effective in today's modern marketing and innovations. The type of research design used here is qualitative and institutional in nature. This entails the data analysis which will be extracted from the following: 1) document analysis; 2) surveys; 3) interviews; and 4) assessment of findings. This researcher then collates the data gathered from these areas to ascertain whether the classical approach could still play a vital role in the management of modern systems of business enterprises.

Communication in a Diverse World Essays

Communication in a Diverse World Essays Communication in a Diverse World Essay Communication in a Diverse World Essay Log One The aim of day one was to raise awareness of the elements of communication in a diverse world. This was the introduction to Communication in a Diverse World with one of the outcomes being appreciating the value of promoting a safe and positive communication environment as well as indentifying own personal development issues in the context of communication and the diversity when working with not only the service users but with families, parents and carers. Communication is a way of using words to express our thoughts and feelings to another individual (Ellis, Gates and Kenworthy, 2003). Already I felt that I had to develop this outcome quickly not just for the nursing profession but for my own personal area of life. By the end of the session I became extremely aware of the effectiveness of good communication skills within the nursing profession, I recognise that this was the key fundamental skill in nursing. We watched a DVD in the first session which outlined to me what patients really wanted from nurses. I learned that effortless things such as the right facial expressions, listening attentively, or the way we approach and converse to service users will make big differences. This will not only make the duty of care easier but will also create a trusting relationship between the service users and nurse (The Nursing Times (2007). An exercise was conducted in session which involved introducing each other, I felt nervous and limited in what to say simply because of the fear of being judged. I then learned that this may be how patients might feel if they have not been to a hospital before or on having to meet a healthcare professional for the first time. I in addition became knowledgeable of the importance of maintaining professional boundaries with service users (Nursing and Midwifery Code, 2008). Being aware of the difference between social and therapeutic relationship as this will improve on the way we worked and relate to service users. This could be achieved by me being clear of my expectations and check their understanding as this will avoid conflict or misunderstandings also among my colleagues. Furthermore became aware of the way I communicate without affecting the service user or colleagues’ feelings. In conclusion to day one, my awareness to everything was increasingly improved, I am not suggesting that my way of dealing with communication before was in any way bad but I will say that, I had a mild approach to things, I now feel competent enough to approach people the right way with the right mind-set. Moreover assumption is out of my mentality, I am frequently reflecting back on my sessions and immediately I become tuned with the right approach to things. Log Two Day two aim was to define and explore essential human attributes required for working in partnership with individuals, one of the learning outcomes was to define and explore the therapeutic use of self, incorporating the qualities of kindness, sensitivity and compassion. This part of the module has increased my awareness of just how vital these three components are. They are needed in order to be a well developed member of the nursing profession. I learned that these components can be shown and defined in many different ways. I felt that every person involving themselves in the nursing profession must possess some form of empathy not just for the service users but for everyone around them. In my opinion therapeutic self means, knowing the professional boundaries between self and the service user, this includes me as the nurse to be clear of my own expectations as well as those of the service user and to make certain their understanding is checked carefully. Another way is being conscious of self disclosure, knowing what information is safe and relevant to reveal about myself. I learned that being congruent is another essence in nursing as we watch a DVD that touched the subject of honesty, this made me aware that service users values honesty amongst nurses. Following the session I also became alert of the unconditional positive regard that we nurses require in order to provide the best care possible, also being alert of our own beliefs and values and making sure that they do not intervene with the relationship development. Sensitivity in addition to empathy needs to help us endorse emotional comfort (Chambers and Ryder, 2009). The key aspects of care need to be applied to every aspect of nursing, it adds value to the physiological care and gives a sense of being valued to the service user. Kindness can be described as ‘perceived intent to support felt by the care recipient’ (Llewellyn and Hayes, 2008: 109). Clearly this is important in nursing after all, we want the service user to understand and feel aware of our duty and desire to care for and support them. Sensitivity is broadly speaking about being tuned in to the needs of others, being sensitive to their emotional needs, feelings and reactions. We were also given a leaflet on the Johari window and unknown to me, friends said I have grown in wisdom, informing me that I now think before I speak. I also learned that compassion is a basic kindness with a deep awareness and empathy for the suffering of living things. Also carried in compassion is the desire to change or improve the circumstances or situation of the subject that is perceived to be suffering and this described by (Chambers and Ryder, 2009: 2) ‘Compassion is the essence of caring and therefore the essence of nursing’. In conclusion I am now aware of how important it is to demonstrate kindness, sensitivity and compassion to other people, after being a service user myself (I was in hospital earlier this year), I felt well looked after because they constantly demonstrated these components. I will take this experience with me in practice as I now know that if treated with dignity and respect a greater standard of care is received. Log Three One of the learning outcomes of day three was to explain the importance of respecting diversity, individual choice and preferences. In my opinion diversity are the things that make us all individuals, that difficult mix that make us who we are and indentifies us as an individual. For day three we watched a DVD on disability and I felt sad and embarrassed my own past experiences as a child of how I reacted when I saw a disabled individual, the video made aware how the society has now changed since the fifties, I learned they are just as normal as everyone else and should not be judged, everyone deserves equal treatment and respect. Transcultural nursing is a critical aspect of healthcare today. The ever growing multicultural population in countries possess a major challenge to nurses given that individualise and holistic care to service users. This requires nurse to familiarise and welcome cultural differences in healthcare values, beliefs and customs. Nurses must obtain the needed knowledge and skills in cultural competency. Ethnically competent nursing care helps guarantee service users satisfaction and positive outcome (Journal of Cultural Diversity, 2008). I learned about the six strands of diversity and was happy to learn that various laws are now in place to make sure that one may not be discriminated against on these grounds such as the Employment Equality Age Regulation (2003) protects age legislation, The Disability Discrimination Act (1995), Sex Discrimination Act (1975), Race Relations Act (1976) amended (2000), Equal Pay Act (1970), The Equality Act (2006) and many more. I also learned nurses are also protected from being discriminated against because looking after older or disabled people, available on ( qualities. gov. uk). I learned that when dealing with disabled individuals, patience, kindness, sensitivity and compassion are the keys to reach a successful outcome despite of any disability that they may have. I became more aware that if the six strands of diversity are not respected, it can lead to social exclusion and this is how some people become depressed or homeless, as they are shunned and left unsupported. People wit h mental health issues and older people are more at risk of this because of their vulnerability. Whilst it is important to have all these legal frameworks put in place it was also important that us as individuals attitude of the wider society changes too. I now understand how crucial it is being non judgemental and accepting people for who they are. Gaining consent is essential before commencing any treatment of care (Nursing and Midwifery Code, 2008) this clearly made realise that supporting service users right to decline care and respecting their choice at all times was extremely vital. In conclusion to day three, I understand the crucial nature of respecting everyone’s faith and beliefs although some of us are physically or mentally different, we all have an equal right to expect equal treatment and opportunity. For me to perform in nursing at my best the service users must be given an equal stake in it. Diversity is should be embraced as this is what makes the world and interesting place to live. Log Four One of the learning outcomes of day four was to describe the key skills of communication. I will start by saying that communication is the key to everything, without the ability to communicate I could not write this and you would be unable to understand it. Communication is sharing our understandings (Barber, 1993 cited by Hinchcliff et al, 2008). Verbal communication consists of the use of words and language. It is used to think about an idea to share experiences and to validate the meaning of perceptions about the world and one’s place in it (Arnold and Boggs, 2007). Most people would consider verbal communication to be our primary communicative tool and people’s choice of language can vary according to education, race, beliefs and other socio economic factors. We looked at various ways of communicating with different individuals, approaching them the right way without feeling patronised or disrespected. I understood the importance of non-verbal communication, how vital it can be to do the simplest things such as being alert of my body language and posture. I learned different forms of non-verbal communication that I was not aware of before such as appearance, clothing, smell, grooming (Handout Day four, Page 2). Such simple things have now alerted me more on the way a person portrays themselves. Something else new was paralanguage because I did not know that things such as rhythm, rate, volume, pitch, stress are called paralanguage (Burnard, 1997). We also watched a DVD of dementia service users listening to live music. Watching the video they looked happy singing along to all tunes. At the end of this I took home the confidence to do what will be best for my patients regardless of others, also I now know other forms of communicating with disabled sufferers such as being creative or organising other forms of social activities even have symbols or drawings that they can point at to expressed how they are feeling or what they want or need, all conscious person are still able to communicate despite the severity of their disability (Kraszewski and McEwen, 2010). This is where eye contact, proximity, touch and facial expression become important to show care and attentiveness. Although caring for people in distress may be emotionally demanding and challenging, I develop the skill of understanding my role as a nurse as well as remembering why I chosen to be a nurse (Sully and Dallas, 2005). To add to this, we did and exercise of describing shape for colleagues to draw, at first I was feeling incompetent to give the right instruction as I am always panicking but when calm and listening attentively I was able to deliver the appropriate instruction without confusion. This taught me to be calm and attentive to my service users at all times. Something new I learned is that older people sometimes find it hard to reveal private information to younger individuals, even if a nurse, so it is important to show respect when communication by asking how they will like to be addressed rather than assumed that their first names are acceptable. I am now extremely aware of how to communicate with people using the right approach and bring creativity to my workplace. I became aware that although the colours, setting or machine noise and everyone around me may affect my level of communication, I am now competent not to let that distract me and still provide the best possible standard of care for my service users. Log Five One of my chosen learning outcomes for day five was to recognise when communication skills have been effective. I was absent on day five and missed out on all the discussions that were made during the session, however, looking at the handouts of other sessions I was able to indentify that my communication skills have become more effective when I had less need to reflect on previous sessions before approaching the service users or everyone around me. It has now become second nature to me to maintain awareness of paralanguage and non-verbal communication from the first point of contact as well as being aware of what I am saying and I have achieved this by purely maintaining eye contact when talking, giving the appropriate facial expression, touch, asking questions to indicate an interest and at the end of the conversation asking if there is anything else I could do for them. There are other ways that I could develop my skills even when I am not working and is my belief that I will find just as many chances to practice communication skills with my course colleagues and socially as I will professionally. Reading the handout of day five I came across paraphrasing and reflecting feelings, I felt these were new tools to use in practice to help focus and build trust. Summarising was new and useful because I am now knowledgeable of how to review an interview and how to terminate it appropriately leaving the service user feeling satisfied while still using the suitable communication skills. I was also educated by the handout that speaking to older people with patronising speech can have a negative effect on their dignity and well-being (Draper, 2005). Another way of patronising speech that I became aware of was speaking more slowly and in shorter sentences, which does not increase the speech comprehension (Williams, 2004). I became alerted of others ways in meeting challenges, which could be by recognising when am becoming defensive or listening carefully without interruption when someone asks a questions or make suggestions. Log Six My outcome of day six was to identify what communication skills that I have developed and to demonstrate an understanding of the qualities of kindness, sensitivity and compassion. Trying to assess myself as a communicator has been both challenging and interesting. Reflecting on the past I have tried to indentify some shortcomings I have, to gain inspiration from the knowledge base of others and to try and build on my strengths. It has been a real eye opener to me to see and hear what a complex and diverse skill set being a good communicator demands, experts state that communication is composed of diverse methods: words, voice, tone and non-verbal clues. Of these, some are more effective in delivering a message than others. According to research, in a conversation or verbal exchange: Words  are  7% effective, tone of voice  is  38% effective, non-verbal clues  are  55% effective, available on ( itstime. com/aug97. htm). Language is only one part of effective communication and that it can be complimented through non-verbal and paralanguage skills. I have also become intensely aware that communication is not a one way street, that is to say, it is not simply about making myself understood but that it is equally important to use my new found communication skills to better understand what others may be trying to convey to me. After all, in nursing our actions and decisions have a direct effect on people who depend on us to enhance their wellbeing and the greater the accuracy of the information we assemble from or interactions with service users, the better we are able to adapt or respond to the individuals need. The can be no effective transfer or information without effective communication. â€Å"To effectively communicate, we must realise that we are all different in the way we perceive the world and use this understanding as a guide to our communication with others† (Anthony Robbins). I need to add also that the same principle would apply in dealing with one’s colleagues and in becoming a valuable and supportive member of a nursing team. I was happy to learn that I was able to influence colleagues in a positive way with my contributions, it was a nice feeling to know that colleagues remembered my contributions. We did and exercise where we had to build a legonian in teams, I learned that good delegation, calmness and effective listening were the way to achieve this effectively and these will be useful tools to take into practice. During the legonian exercise, colleagues were kind and were all aware that some of us may be extremely sensitive which made feel less pressured, I then realise how crucial it is to be kind, sensitive and compassionate towards others. In conclusion to day six I learned the importance respecting people sensitive nature and regularly show kindness and compassion through my actions. Also learned that working as a team effectively leads to positive outcomes. Over the course, key words that were continuously and regularly mention were kindness, sensitivity and compassion and it struck me that knowing the definitions of these words is not enough, but that communicating these concepts through our actions and by learning to better demonstrate them via enhanced communication skills is actually a display of sensitivity to the needs of the service users in itself. I would like to offer the opinion that these can be grouped under the heading of ‘RESPECT’ and it is through the desire to communicate better and understand more that we can demonstrate our respect for service users and everyone around us furthermore properly meet their needs, and at the same time effectively communicate our own needs to those working around us. I have also learned that I have skills I can now put names to! And that I still have a great deal to learn. References The Nursing and Midwifery Council (2008) The Code: Standards of conduct, performance and ethics for nurses and midwives London: NMC Sully, P and Dallas, J (2005) Essential Communication Skills for Nursing Journal of Cultural Diversity, (2008) Madeline M. Maier-Lorentz: Transcultural Nursing: Its Importance in Nursing Practice Chambers, C and Ryder, E (2009) Compassion and Caring in Nursing Kraszewski, S and McEwen, A (2010) Communication Skills for Adult Nurses Equalities. gov. uk www. itstime. com Llewellyn, A and Hayes, S (2008) Fundamentals of Nursing Care: A textbook for Student of Nursing and Healthcare Burnard, P (1997) Effective Communication Skills for Health Professionals Arnold, E and Underman-Boggs, K (2007) Interpersonal relationships:   Professional Communication Skills for Nurses Nursing Times Communication skills: Essence of Care benchmark: Published 13 December (2007) Ellis, R, Gates B, Kenworthy, N (2003): Interpersonal Communication in Nursing: Theory and practice Anthony Robbins (Internet quote) Draper (2005)

Indians and Farmers essays

Indians and Farmers essays Reservation Indians and frontier farmers were important to society during the late 19th century. Reservation Indians and frontier farmers are similar and different in various ways. However the Indians and farmers were important to animals and raising crops for survival. I believe without either of these groups the world would be totally different from the way it is today. The late 19th century had two groups of people who tried to survive the best way they could. The farmers and Indians both raised animals in order to survive. The farmers would raise animals to eat or sell to traders and use their fertilizer for money. They would raise the animals and sell them for a good price or they would beef them up and eat them to fill their stomachs. The Indians would ride cattle throughout the grasslands and hills for transportation. If they saw a good animal to eat they wouldnt hesitate to kill it and cook over a warm fire. The Indians and farmers are also similar in the way they celebrate traditions. Both groups believe in the lord and are religious people. The farmers celebrate the fourth of July for their independence from the British. The Indians have celebrations such as dancing around the fire and have many prayer services to thank the lord for everything he has given them. They are both respectful to each other and serve a great purpose on the land provided by the lord and they both make the best of the land and animals. The Indians and the farmers also are similar in the way they use their women. The women for both groups are very important to the children. The Indian women usually took care of the sewing and the children. The frontier farmer women also did a lot of sewing and took care of the little ones. The women also took care of the animals such as milking the cows and in some cases bathed them. However the Indians and frontier farmers are different as well. The Indians usually lived in the hil...

Celebrate Turning 60 on Your Terms

Celebrate Turning 60 on Your Terms Turning 60 is special. It is the onset of a golden era. For some 60-year-olds, it could a time to spend with kids and grandkids; for others, it may be the time to party at your favorite haunt with your old buddies and your favorite music playing in the background.   The 60th birthday is considered an important event in many cultures. While some people retire from active work life at the age of 60, some prefer to pursue hobbies or other activities at this age. In many eastern cultures such as China and Korea, the 60th birthday is considered very important. In China, someone who has arrived at the age of 60  has completed a full life cycle. Following the 60th year, the person celebrates a new life. Hence the 60th birthday is celebrated with great extravagance.   Enjoy the bliss of 60. Here are some ideas you can use to make your 60th birthday memorable. Surround Yourself With Your Children and Grandchildren Relive the magical moments of life even while you look forward to new experiences. This is an opportunity to tell your family about where you were during important points in history. Get to know more about them and what makes them tick, and let them teach you the latest technology so you can share their interests. There is nothing better than a cool grandma or grandpa.   Find a Hobby Or Follow Your Passion. Wouldnt it be fun to finally open your own little cafe? Or to spend your time gardening, or learning a new skill? Join a yoga class, go for a guided tour to a distant place and enjoy partying with your friends.   60th Birthday Quotes Here are 10 beautiful birthday quotes about turning 60. Some are funny, some poignant, and others are inspiring. Find one that makes you smile and make these quotes your lesson for a great future. Oscar Wilde: To get back my youth I would do anything in the world, except take exercise, get up early, or be respectable. George Carlin: Im sixty years of age. Thats 16 Celsius. Maurice Chevalier: Old age isnt so bad when you consider the alternative. Bernard Baruch: To me old age is always fifteen years older than I am. William Butler Yeats: From our birthday, until we die, is but the winking of an eye.Joan Rivers: Looking fifty is great†¦ if youre sixty. Mark Twain: When I was younger, I could remember anything, whether it happened or not.John Dryden: What, start at this! when sixty years have spread. Their grey experience oer thy hoary head? Is this the all observing age could gain?Or hast thou known the worl so long in vain? Pablo Picasso: One starts to get young at the age of sixty and then it is too late.Tom Stoppard: Age is a high price to pay for maturity.

Equity of Opportunity, Class Cleavages, the Role of the State, and Research Paper

Equity of Opportunity, Class Cleavages, the Role of the State, and Globalization - Research Paper Example I will discuss evidence of social and political motivation to end child poverty in Canada and will raise social change scenarios to direct attention to positive outcomes of implementing a guaranteed annual income for all Canadians, alleviating child poverty in Canada. 2. Objective My objective, in this paper, is to outline the issue of Child Poverty in Canada and to argue for a key solution to it, a guaranteed annual income for all Canadians. I intend to build a logical, persuasive argument, well-documented by reputable sources, calling for ethical action for society’s benefit. 3. Thesis Statement The federal government should implement a guaranteed annual income for all Canadians to alleviate child poverty. 4. Outline I. Introduction A. Provide definitions and Canadian interpretations of child poverty. B. Child poverty is inversely correlated with income. C. The federal government should implement a guaranteed annual income for all Canadians to alleviate child poverty. II. Li terature Review and Discussion A. Discuss child poverty in Canada. i. In one of the richest countries, 1,400,000 children live in poverty. ii.

Sasha Jensen's Interior Landscape Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sasha Jensen's Interior Landscape - Essay Example How she sees the world and life, how individuals should treat them, is expressed in the scene she describes when remembering that job in the dress shop, dealing with the bald, old Englishwoman and her daughter. This is how she would like to be, not how she was, or is. Already, we see the complexity of this character. She has suffered betrayal, dreadful poverty, the death of a child and many hurts and views herself as a victim. Yet she retains a fine sense of irony, the ability to see through others, and a recognition of her own condition and despair. She is contradictory in the extreme, This last comment gives an insight into Sasha's alienation, 'they' always seeing her in ways she does not perceive herself, 'they' always wanting to take from her. On the other hand, in contradiction, she agrees to, then seeks the company of the young Russian, visits the painter and goes to great lengths to improve her appearance, with make up, hair dye and a new hat. That these 'improvements' make Sasha feel good, signifies a universal truth, without offending feminist principles; that most females would relate to these feelings. She becomes empowered, this person who is at times incapable of expressing her intelligent and perceptive thoughts aloud, past or present. Using the strength of that empowerment, she sees Rene, the gigolo, as an opportunity to pay back for the hurts endured throughout her life. In fact, they recognize in each other, two outsiders, wounded in many ways. Sasha's perceptions are so damaged that she is unable to trust that he will cause no further hurt. So ali enated is she from the concept of human kindness, just for its own sake, that she continues to let her experiences prevent her from accepting his offer of just loving kindness for one night. While the prospect of meeting him again excites, Sasha encapsulates her feelings thus: 'I won't do a thing - not a thing. I will not grimace and posture before these

Platos Allegory of the Cave Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Platos Allegory of the Cave - Term Paper Example For, as one should probably know, the shadow is an allegory for a man’s self, ultimately, the id. The id is what separates the humans from the animals, and this philosophy delves into what is truly the nature of a man. It consists, one realizes, not of the man’s shadow but of himself as well as the representation of himself—which can be realized in the shadow. That itself is an allegory for what is really happening here—in essence, Plato is parsing that of which humanity really consists. If one, for example—were to be chained to a cave wall—does that diminish any less one’s humanity, one’s dignity, one’s sense of pride? Perhaps, but it cannot defeat the self, which is an inimitable, integral part of the human psyche—a cave, indeed, in which Plato explores more deeply the mysteries of the human mind. Just as some philosophers might attribute parts of a speech with rooms in a house, Plato is advancing upon new territ ory here—basically a type of psychoanalysis—which delves into what really makes humans tick. He has found out, and figured out, what is at the basis of all human interest and toil. It’s a need for knowledge. The cave allegory is significant because Plato thought that the cave represented work in education. Plato felt that the cave was symbolic of something greater in a man’s life. The cave could be an allegory for the fact that man spends all of his life—in essence—figuratively chained inside a cave. One struggles and slaves away, toiling at work, in search of an education, in search of a future. Meanwhile, the real battle is trying to find oneself in the midst of living life. Seeing shadows on the wall are an allegory for noticing one’s form in sensory ways—although it does not reflect the true nature or character of the person which it represents. Indeed, the shadows are a leitmotif for something more spiritual—it coul d be said. One has probably heard the phrase, â€Å"He’s only a shadow of himself, only a shadow of what he used to be.† A shadow intimates the presence of a skeleton which does not represent the true heart or soul of a person, but only the person’s physicality—the earthiness of his or her being. Indeed, these shadows represent a filament in the light bulb of human existence, which is ignited with personality. It is in this revelatory moment that one realizes the importance and power of the human spirit—and it is in this moment that one learns how everything important about being human can be understood from the allegory of the cave. It is not just our sensory awareness that is important to have in life, but knowledge of this sensory awareness at its height is the most evolved consciousness that a human can hope or expect to have. It is this consciousness that one seeks to cultivate through education, and this is reinforced by the allegory of the c ave. The cave allegory does for philosophy what Freud’s theory did for psychology. It revolutionized everything. Plato’s cave allegory is ultimately the ability to ascribe forms to shadows, making indiscrete objects into discrete realities. Thomas Hobbes was ridiculed for taking abstract notions and then defining those in concrete terms. But if we had never had such abstractions defined, we would—in Western political philosophy—not have had notions such as justice, good, evil, right, wrong, and moral philosophy, for example. Plato’s allegory of the cave is simply another way in which he attempted to define a human element. Plato’s allegory of the cave recognizes the importance

GEOL - Meteorology and Space Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

GEOL - Meteorology and Space Science - Essay Example Scientists almost proved that more greenhouse gases appeared in the atmosphere after the industrial revolution and with the development of the technology. Heating effect is dangerous for human life, moreover global warming causes many other problems such as rising sea level, undesirable change of climate etc. The given paper will discuss the potential causes and consequences of global warming and try to find possible solutions. Actually, some scientists do not believe in global warming. Some people consider it to be a myth. In order to define if it is really a myth or a real phenomenon, it is important to implement scientific research. Moreover, according to some researchers, the global warming is a phenomenon that was not caused by industrial revolution as it was met before: â€Å"Global warming is not a 20th century phenomenon. It has, in fact, occurred in the past more than once, along with periods of extreme cold known as the ice ages. With so much written and reported about global warming, sometimes its difficult to detect which is fact and which is just part of scientific scare tactics† (Fiset). There are indicators, which are used by scientists to control the climate shift, the main of them are temperature and sea levels. Researches made certain conclusions about the changes in temperature during the last 1,000 years. The 20th century is characterized by frustration of temperature. Between the1960-1970s the earth underwent the period of cooling, but still in general the average temperature increased. The temperature is increasing by 0.1-0.2 oC every ten years. â€Å"Keeping planetary warming below two degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit) would, it was thought, avoid such perils as catastrophic sea-level rise and searing droughts. Staying below two degrees C would require limiting the level of heat-trapping carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to 450 parts per million (ppm), up from todays 395 ppm and the

Gender Equality; is it a myth or a reality Essay

Gender Equality; is it a myth or a reality - Essay Example Men and women has different brain structure and physical functioning, they also react to situations differently hence gender equality is a myth.(Thesis) Naturally men are superior to women and there is lots of scientific evidence attached to it. By physical appearance itself, men have superiority due to their muscle built and structural composition. Men are more confident in their walk, communication and interaction in daily life. Men are practical and do not get emotional like women. Women due to their feeble mind get quickly afflicted emotionally and take decision that is wrong or inappropriate. Generally speaking, women need protection from men in all dire situations like natural calamities, physical contingencies and financial distresses. God created men to support and protect women as she is a delicate creation both in physical and emotional sense. Men and women are both created by God and they have a purpose which does not conflict with one another. If men have strong physique and practicality, women have tolerance, patience and sacrificing quality which is equally appreciative. Men alone are not able to manage and control a family life, as it needs hard effort and contribution from women too. If men have social responsibilities then women have the responsibility to take control of home, children and husband which is a demanding task. As per (MLC, 2003)†Men are physically stronger. By nature, they are usually more aggressive and externally oriented. In contrast, a woman usually embodies the ideal of inner dignity. Men are physically strong but the emotional and mental strength of women is empowering†. Men and women have complementing relationship and it is not contradictory as many think. God has not made anything conflicting in nature, all creation whether man or woman has equal value in eyes of nature. Man and women complement each other emotionally,

GEOL - Meteorology and Space Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

GEOL - Meteorology and Space Science - Essay Example Scientists almost proved that more greenhouse gases appeared in the atmosphere after the industrial revolution and with the development of the technology. Heating effect is dangerous for human life, moreover global warming causes many other problems such as rising sea level, undesirable change of climate etc. The given paper will discuss the potential causes and consequences of global warming and try to find possible solutions. Actually, some scientists do not believe in global warming. Some people consider it to be a myth. In order to define if it is really a myth or a real phenomenon, it is important to implement scientific research. Moreover, according to some researchers, the global warming is a phenomenon that was not caused by industrial revolution as it was met before: â€Å"Global warming is not a 20th century phenomenon. It has, in fact, occurred in the past more than once, along with periods of extreme cold known as the ice ages. With so much written and reported about global warming, sometimes its difficult to detect which is fact and which is just part of scientific scare tactics† (Fiset). There are indicators, which are used by scientists to control the climate shift, the main of them are temperature and sea levels. Researches made certain conclusions about the changes in temperature during the last 1,000 years. The 20th century is characterized by frustration of temperature. Between the1960-1970s the earth underwent the period of cooling, but still in general the average temperature increased. The temperature is increasing by 0.1-0.2 oC every ten years. â€Å"Keeping planetary warming below two degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit) would, it was thought, avoid such perils as catastrophic sea-level rise and searing droughts. Staying below two degrees C would require limiting the level of heat-trapping carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to 450 parts per million (ppm), up from todays 395 ppm and the

Axiomatic Account of Scientific Theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Axiomatic Account of Scientific Theories - Essay Example As the study outlines logical axioms refer to an argument or reasoning which is taken to be true within the system of the logic they define. On the other hand, non-logical axioms are actually defining properties for the domain or of the domain of a certain mathematical theory. For instance, a non logical axiom can be presented mathematically as: x+y = y+x. In this case, the axiom can be used to imply assumptions, or a postulate. Therefore, to make a system of knowledge or a domain of knowledge an axiom is to show that its claims can be deduced from the axiom(s). From this paper it is clear thst hypothetical deductive model claims that these method requires a hypothesis to be made first. That is, a prediction is made with the expectation of its opposite to be the expected results. It is thus referred to as a falsification process since the hypotheses has to be proved not to be true but if it is done so, by the research to be true, then they are said to be collaborated by their predictions. In relation to the axiomatic account, this theory has its premise or the backdrop of reasoning in its hypothesis. More so, the hypothesis in the Hypothesis-Deductive theory is the basis of reasoning as compared to axiomatic account where the axiom is the premise for reasoning. What would be considered the best argument for scientific realism is the idea that scientific knowledge and ideas are progressive rather than retrogressive in nature. Therefore it is able to make predictions about an idea or an issue in question much successful. This element of scien tific realism makes it very much reliable as it is very clear to be followed since one aspect whether observable or unobservable leads to the other in a logical manner.

How to Study in Library Essay Example for Free

How to Study in Library Essay 1. Create a new project as a Single View Application. Give it a product name and company identifier. Set the device family to iphone, check the Storyboard and Automatic Reference Counting checkboxes. 2. Select the storyboard file from the project navigator. Drag the table view controller from the object library onto the workspace. 3. Set the initial scene to point to the table view controller by clicking on the table view controller and select the Is initial view controller checkbox on the attribute inspector. 4. Click on the table view and set the content to from dynamic prototypes to static. You may add additional rows or remove rows from the table. Add another section to the table. Refer to the circled area on the figure below. 5. Drag the icons/images from the image folder into the project folder. 6. Back to the table view, drag the image view and label components into the table cell/row. 7. Set the image view holder to the desired icon and label it accordingly. Duplicate the entire cell by pressing the Command + D buttons. 8. Add more view controllers to the workspace for every respective row. Connect the rows to the respective views by selecting the row, press the control key (magic finger) and drag the mouse to the desired view. Select â€Å"push† from the storyboard segue. 9. Add image view and text view to the view controller as shown below. 10. Populate the views with the desired content. Obtain the image from the image folder provided and the synopsis of each game/movie from the sypnosis.txt file. 11. Go to the editor on the menu bar, click on Embed in and select Navigation controller. Run the project.

Mauritius PESTLE Analysis: Tourism and Economy

Mauritius PESTLE Analysis: Tourism and Economy Mauritius Republic of Mauritius Republic Moris Rà ©publique de Maurice Country Name   Mauritius Area 2040km2 (179th) Population   12,88,000   Density   631.4/km2 Capital City   Port Louis Currency   Muritiunrupee (Mur) Languages  -Mauritian creole, French, English, Bhojpuri. Mauritian government parliamentary Republic President President Sir Anerood Jugnauth Primeminister NavinRamgoolam Independence from U.K in 12 March 1968 Republic Day 12 March, 1992. Pestle Analysis of Mauritius In PESTLE analysis of Mauritius, I analysis the political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental structure of Mauritius Uses of Country Analysis Report: Understanding gained from country profiles can be used to plan business investment or market entry in a particular country. The insights provide idea key business opportunities. The profiles also provide an overview of the legal and regulatory framework to start and operate a business in the country. Typical uses of each PESTLE segment are: Typical uses of each PESTLE SEGMENT:- Political section provides understanding about the political system and key figures relevant to business in the country and governance indicators. Economic section deals with the economic theory of a country that provides a balanced assessment of significant macro-economic issues. Social section enables understanding of customer demographics through income distribution, Rural-urban segmentation and centers of affluence, healthcare and educational scenario. Technological section provides strategic information on technology and telecom, technological laws and policies, technological gaps, patents and opportunity sectors in the country. Legal section provides information about the legal structure, corporate laws, laws to start a new business and tax regime. Environmental section provides information on countrys performance on environmental indicators and polices. (E)conomic condition of Mauritius As far as we consider the country, this is not a very big county, the total area of the country is 2040 square k.m. The present economic condition of the country very good and growing with the good pace in every sector like: If talk about the GDP of the country the it grows by $9.156 billion from 2009 to 2010 and real growth rate is of 2.1% from last year. The per capita income in 2010 is $12,400 which is far more than India i.e. $1007(Rs.44345/year) The avg. inflation rate is 3.4% in 2010 which also less than the India i.e. 8% approx. The agriculture sector has grown by 4.5 % of the GDP: Products in which they have grown: Sugar, Sugar derivatives, Tea, Tobacco, vegetables, fruits, flowers, cattle and and fishing. The manufacturing sector, including export processing zone of the country has grown by 19.4% that shows that it has grown in good pace in comparison to other sectors like agriculture, tourism. The reason for growing in such a pace is: Mauritius was in labor intensive growth for export, including textiles, and clothing, watches, and clocks, jewelry, optical goods, toys and games and cut flowers. Tourism sector in Mauritius has grown by 8.7% of GDP: The tourism of the country is grow due to its good climatic, weather condition, covered by Indian ocean (sea shore)i.e. beach and all tourist come and enjoy the natural environment of the Mauritius. They attract so many countries like India, France, U.S, South Africa, and other European countries. The export is increased by $2.55 billion, in textiles and clothing, watches ,and clocks ,jewelry ,optical goods ,toys and games travel goods and hand bags. The major market for this export: European countries and U.S. The import of the country is $3.552 billion. The country mainly import manufactured goods, capital equipment, food stuffs, petroleum products,chemicals,dairy products,fish,wheat,rice,iron and steel,cenment,fertilizers,and other industrial raw materials. They mainly import from India, France, South Africa, China, Japan, Spain, Italy, Germany, Malaysia, and Thailand. (P)olitical Factors In the present time political environment play a very important role to overcome country from every problem and make the country perfect in every section like economical, social, environmental and and technological and the same thing happened with Mauritius. Since from 2002 economy started to face some serious challenges as result of globalization, involving the erosion of trade preferences for both Textiles and sugar, two pillars of the economy. Economic growth declined by 3%-4%, while unemployment, Budget deficit and public debt increased steadily. So for overcome from these problems government took so many action. These actions are as follows: In July 2005, they concentrated on a bold economic reform so that it handle and easily face all the global competitive challenges of global market. This reform or changes was not only to improve or remedy to fiscal weakness but also increase business, improve the investment condition in the country, and also increased the FDI investment. The government promoting the restructuring and modernization of textile and sugar industry. They are also promoting ICT (information communication technology) sector, made sea food hub, Freeport (free trade zone at the port and airport). Government also focuses on the various issues like: The land based oceanic industry, Hospitality and property development. Healthcare and biomedical industry. Agro-processing and biotechnology. The knowledge industry and renewable energy. (S)ocial factor Social section enables understanding of customer demographics through income distribution, Rural-urban segmentation and centers of affluence, healthcare and educational scenario. In the country, there are governmental as well as non governmental org.work for the social development of the country. The government offers so many projects for the private and other organization. The Amssadors Special self help programme (SSH) is the development programme. The above programme is to promote and assist small scale project and improving the socioeconomic condition of the country at grassroot level. The basic aim of SSH funds projects are as follows: Addressing global issues such as HIV/AIDS prevention and drug use. Women empowerment. Childrens education. Environmental protection. Mauritius Health and Welfare The Mauritius govt. funded for health services for all the public(easily accessible) Government funded health services and facilities are widespread and accessible to most of the population although facilities are concentrated in urban areas. Ministry of Economic Planning and Development provide more facilities to public So for that government allocated 7.7% of the GDP to healthcare (US$57.9 million) The government has given more emphasis on the healthcare and addressed more doctors and more beds in the hospitals for the easy convenience of the public. Now a days govt. give more emphasis to some important issues like: Easy access to drinking water Nutritional value increased by 2680 to 124% per capita caloric intake. In the present time govt. provides family welfare allowances to the poor. Government provides support to the economically weak students: They provide wheelchairs to the physically weak (handicap) for use at the university of Mauritius and university of technology Mauritius. Government refunds the taxi fares who is physically unfit. They provide discount in the examination fee. (T)echnological Mauritius govt. has been increased upto Rs.24billion in which 11 billion has been invested by the Mauritius govt. The govt has been invested on various project like: Road construction: 11 road projects. Many bi directional lanes. Phase 1 of the ring road The Bus rapid transit system Airport: To meeting more vessel and container at the port govt. expand the port and for that it invested Rs.3.5 billion. Agriculture Government opened agricultural research and extension unit to provide information to planters and breeders regarding price and production level. It provide technical assistance for the development of high tech. sheltered level. It provide consultancy charge up to 75% and application fee Rs.150000 for promoting sugar business to gaining the fair trade from the EU. (E)nvironmental Factor Government for protection and enhancement of the country environment they take 3 major steps Energy efficienct Encouraging public, industry, private for using energy efficient light bulbs for that they provide additional subsidy. They also frame a regulatory institution Energy efficiency management office. They encourage by providing economic incentives for not to purchase polluting vehicles and bio fuels. Green buildings: For reducing the green house gas emission they transform and construt more energy efficient building. Create awareness regarding new energy efficient parameters for building. Measures existing buildings energy efficiency. Construct building with such materials which do not affect the environment. Solar Energy For utilizing solar energy ministry of renewable energies grant a new subsidy of 5000 of each of the 50000 household to purchases the solar water heaters. Other improvement in local environment To protect the environment from unforeseen condition they take various measures like The drainage flood prone areas Enhance awareness about waste management and biodiversity. Made a disaster management unit. (Le)gal factors Tax policy -decreased the tax at source on royalties to non residents from 10% to 15%. They provide tax benefits to the big companies till 31 December. The individual liable to national residency property tax has been increases from Rs.385000 to 400000. Government removed the custom duties on rice, milk, oats milk, almond milk, street light lamps. Removed the duties on T.Vs up to 32 inches and up to 15% on T.V sets above 32 inches. They charged higher tax on energy inefficient electrical and electronic appliances. Ministry of renewable energy will decide the tax on car which emits CO2. Country using Porters diamonds model Porters Diamond The Determinants of National Advantage In the there is demand of two main sector: 1. Tourism 2. Sugar industry. The country is surround by the Indian ocean (island),so it takes the advantage tourism. The country was in cane production very well developed before the independence, and still now. There are so many sugar industries has been established in the Mauritius, and they export sugar to his neighboring country at in large amount. With the development of technology country witnessed constant evolution in this sector. The country in the begning produced sugar in the large amount and increases its production by increasing by the mills at every decade. But due to competition in the globalised market so many rivalry are present like Cuba,India,etc.and cost of sugar increases due to increasing the inflation as well as factor of production of sugar. For the making the sugar industry prospers govt. made a future plan from 2005 to 2015. In which they showed various cost which is incurred in producing sugar. By considering all factors (competition, cost of production, inflation) govt. has decide to reduced the production of sugar. Usually country produces 600000 tonnes sugar annually in which they exported 530000 tonnes exported to the Europian union .While domestic consumption of sugar is 40000 tonnes per annum.The success of sugar industry has good agreement between U.K and other europian union. The upliftment of sugar production in country due availability of water and avg. rain fall is 2500mm per year So from the above facts it appears that the demand of the sugar is present in the country and outside the country. But due to the inflation factors of production cost become high. The cost of the skilled labor is very high. Supporting industry for the Mauritius to increase the GDP in 2010 are industrial growth and tourism, which participate 19.4% and 8.7 %. Mauritius is like a heaven for the tourists and for promoting this sector govt. play a very important role For promoting this sector govt. advertise the country in all over the world like: TOURIST ARE DRAWN TO THE UNSPOILED NATURAL BEAUTY OF MAURITIUS WITHOUT ENVIRONMENT WE WONT ANY TOURISM Mauritius take economic advantage from tourism, with this sector so many hotels industry at the peak seasons generate revenue in good amount and from hotels govt. collect the tax in large amount. Every year in Mauritius approx. 9 lakh visitors come to the country. The Mauritius now becomes the investment hub due to tourism. In the present times many rivalry are emerges out of Mauritius in tourism sector like South Africa, U.S.A etc. Mauritius infrastural development Mauritius govt. has been increased up to Rs.24billion in which 11 billion has been invested by the Mauritius govt. The govt. has been invested on various project like: Road construction: 11 road projects. Many bi directional lanes. Phase 1 of the ring road The Bus rapid transit system Airport: To meeting more vessel and container at the port govt. expand the port and for that it invested Rs.3.5 billion. Agriculture Government opened agricultural research and extension unit to provide information to planters and breeders regarding price and production level. It provide technical assistance for the development of high tech. sheltered level. It provide consultancy charge up to 75% and application fee Rs.150000 for promoting sugar business to gaining the fair trade from the EU. Facilities to the economically weak students: They provide wheelchairs to the physically weak (handicap) for use at the university of Mauritius and university of technology Mauritius. Government refunds the taxi fares who is physically unfit. They provide discount in the examination fee. Case Study: Severe Malaria Case Study: Severe Malaria The case A 22 year old male whom had just returned from the malarial endemic region of Nigeria from a visit to friends was admitted to A/E at Queen Elizabeth Hospital Nottingham presenting with symptoms of cerebral malaria (severe malaria) Diagnosis: The five protozoa plasmodium endo-parasite species that result in malaria disease in human hosts are: Falciparum, Vivax, Malariae, Ovale and Knowlesi a particular cause of 70% of malarial cases in Southeast Asia. These species all belong to the Plasmodium genus with Falciparum being the most virulent- accounting for 80% of all cases and 90% of all deaths (Moore, Knight, and Blann, 2010) along with being the only plasmodium species causing severe malaria where cerebral malaria (a multi system disease) is a known complication. Transmission of Falciparum is through bites from female anopheles mosquitoes, of which the anopheles gambiae is best for known, during their blood meals to nourish their eggs (Moore, Knight, and Blann, 2010) Falciparum infection in relation to this case was the likely diagnosis due to observed clinical manifestation of cerebral malaria in the patient. Cerebral malaria is considered a pediatric disease from the endemic region (Nigeria) where patient was returning from, however Falciparum has been shown to have a wide epidemiological reach. The endo parasite is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions (non-arid climate optimal survival conditions for vector) such as aforementioned many parts of sub Saharan Africa with Nigeria having the highest morbidity and mortality in regards to malaria in the world.class=table table-bordered America (central and northern half of south America mainly) and Asia (south east Asia particularly, where main body of information on the clinical features, course and prognosis of infection with Falciparum, leading to cerebral malaria, in particularly young adults such as the patient is derived) are also regions of high transmission. (Idro et al., 2005) Clinical Features/Symptoms: Table 1: Clinical features of Falciparum infection Early clinical features/ symptoms Falciparum infection Later symptoms and Neurological manifestations of infection Other Neurological signs/ Major complications (worsening of symptoms) After a few days infected patients typically present with-any combo of: Profuse fever, chills, sweating (tertian due to synchronized release of each new generation of mature merozoites in exoerythrocytic cycle and Erythrocyte schizogony into the bloodstream) Malaise Headache Joint and body/muscle aches Delirium Vomiting Abdominal cramps Diarrhoea (all due to inflammatory response/immune response Haemolysis (due to intraerythrocytic parasites- occurs when mature hepatic schizont/ merozoites of Falciparum burst out of liver, reenter bloodstream where they invade erythrocytes (initiating Erythrocyte schizogony- grow and divide and destroy the cells within a 48hr period) high parasitemiaclass=table table-bordered (hyperparasitemia) coincides with more severe haemolysis and leads to hemoglobinuria Without treatment of Falciparum infection these early features can manifest into cerebral malaria with common features of: Occasional Psychotic behavior/ confusion (1st manifestation of cerebral involvement) Seizures (Falciparum is epileptogenic; risk of seizures increases with increase with parasitemia) less common in adults (15% of cases southeast Asian) compared with the 50% prevalence in pediatric cases (Idro et al., 2005) Unarousable Coma due to Hypercoagulable state, consequence of cytoadherence of infected RBC and rosetting of both infected and non-infected RBC (erythrocytes) to endothelium of cerebral blood vessels and capillaries restricting blood flow.class=table table-bordered (diffuse encephalopathy- level of consciousness may fluctuate over a period of hours) Hypoxia due to blood flow constriction leading to Tissue necrosis Spontaneous bleeding and severe hemolytic anemia (due to significant haemolysis of both infected and non-infected RBC- contributes to renal failure Coagulation disorders (i.e thrombocytopenia) due to activation of the coagulation cascade (could account for low platelet count in patient in this case study as patient likely suffering from condition) Other symptoms: Severe Jaundice Kussmal breathing (occurring with acute renal failure and severe lactic acidosis) Shock (with possible presence of septicemia) Patients typically have symmetrical upper neuron signs/brainstem signs such as: Disconjugate movement of the eyes (due To CNS involvement) Abnormal posturing/ opisthotonos Retinal abnormalities (less common in adults. i.e retinal hemorrhages associated with increased mortality) Mutli-organ failure (Falciparum is a multisystem disease)- circulatory, hepatic, coagulation, pulmonary failure Pulmonary edema (possibly due to abnormalities of the pulmonary microcirculation caused by RBC restricting blood flow. (Brooks et al.,1968) Severe Hypoglycemia (only present in 8% of cases ref science direct) In a few patients- abnormalities such as cerebral infarcts (stroke)can manifest (due to thrombophilia in cerebral capillaries). Table 2: Outcomes/ Prognosis of cerebral malaria in adults with treatment Recovery of consciousness Slower in Adults occurs within 48 hours Mortality Around 20% (50% of mortality cases occur within 24hrs without treatment) Neurological/ neurocognitive sequelae Very rare in adults range from

Tax Dollars Should Fund Religious Schools Essay -- Argumentative Persu

Tax Dollars Should Fund Religious Schools The issue of whether or not to use tax dollars to provide private schools with vouchers has been controversial for many years now.   Many people feel that it is our governments obligation to provide private institutions with the proper funds, while others believe that if private schools inherit our tax dollars then it is violation of our constitution as it promotes a particular religion.   I think it is our government's responsibility to provide each and every school with tax dollars, regardless of its orientation.   Many reasons, especially popularity and success rates provide substantial evidence that private schools should be funded by government vouchers. The main concern of those who oppose the use of government money for private schools is whether or not it would be constitutional.   In the past, many Supreme Court cases have proven that school vouchers for private schools are constitutional.   For example in Board of Education vs. Allen it was established that providing funds for private schools does not violate the Establishment C...

War and Peace and Tolstoys View of History Essay -- Tolstoy War and P

War and Peace and Tolstoy's View of History      Ã‚  Ã‚   Count Lev Tolstoy wrote abundantly on the philosophical issues that he felt were universally important.   One of the most prolific examples of this is his view of history.   This is set out most clearly and most famously in his largest work, War and Peace.   As Tolstoy claimed himself in a public statement on the work, 'War and Peace is what the author wanted and was able to express in that form in which it was expressed.'   Not only do the themes and incidents in the novel reflect his theory of history, Tolstoy iterates this in less narrative terms in the twelve chapters of the Second Epilogue, described as, 'A general discussion on the historians' study of human life, and on the difficulty of defining the forces that move nations.   The problem of freewill and necessity.'   The view of history explored by Tolstoy has had few sympathisers and copious critics.   Tolstoy predicts this disagreement earlier in War and Peace in his description of 'the life of a bee':    A bee settling on a flower has stung a child.   And the child is afraid of bees and declares that bees exist to sting people.   A poet admires the bee sucking from the chalice of a flower, and says it exists to suck the fragrance of flowers.   A beekeeper...The higher the human intellect rises in the discovery of these purposes, the more obvious it becomes that the ultimate purpose is beyond our comprehension.   All that is accessible to man is the relation of life to the bee to other manifestations of life.   And so it is with the purpose of historical characters and nations.    This presupposition of the impossibility of a total, ultimate view of history helps to explain why Tolstoy, in his view of human actio... ...rriere, Tolstoy's Pierre Bezukhov - A Psychoanalytical Study, Melksham: Bristol Classical Press, 1993. Helen Edna Davis, Tolstoy and Nietzsche, New York: Haskell House Publishers Ltd., 1929. I Cannot be Silent - Writings on Politics, Art and Religion by Leo Tolstoy, Chippenham: The Bristol Press, 1989. E. H. Carr, What is History?, St Ives: Penguin Books, 1987. Pauline Marie Rosenau, Post-Modernism and the Social Sciences, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992.    Notes 1 F.F. Seeley, Tolstoy's Philosophy of History, From, Ed. Malcolm Jones, New Essays on Tolstoy, Bristol: Cambridge University Press, 1978, p. 176. 2 Ibid., pp. 178 - 183. 3 Edward Wasiolek, War and Peace: The Theoretical Chapters, From, Ed. Harold Bloom, Modern Critical Interpretations - War and Peace, New York, Chelsea House Publishers, 1988, pp. 92 - 97.   

A research proposal on sporting and its personal development Essay

The usual playing adds little value to an individual. Sport, however, helps in the development of athletic as well as the physical abilities. Sports involve team work which adds value to the social context of an individual, the way of relationship with team members and how one perceives himself. The presence of a coach in a game helps in the control of various lessons that sportsmen learn in the field of play. The coaches help in the examination of values, designing of activities considering various results as well as leading through examples. This work will address various types of development related to sports including â€Å"physical, intellectual, social, and emotional as well as moral capabilities† (Barez 2008). Problem statement Different people have different opinions on sports and sporting activities. However, it is well known that sports lead to development of certain positive qualities including self discipline, dedication and leadership skills through the competitive participation in various events. On the other, a number of people also argue that sports do not have a positive result on character development due to the win ego. In this case, the mentality for a must win leads to unethical behaviors including excessive cheating, aggressiveness and drug abuse. This makes the real value of sports very complex and worth a discussion topic on this paper. However, the pros outdo the cons and the paper will discuss on sports as a development activity. Sports help in the physical development through balancing the mind, body as well as the spirit (Holt 2008). Literature review  In the early childhood as Bares (2008) states, sporting which is mostly in form of play helps in learning skills including running and jumping as well as balancing. This also helps in gaining and development of social, emotional, moral and cognitive competencies. This helps the children to learn the rights and the wrongs. As a result this develops the individual creativity in addition to the physical development (Bares 2008). In this case, winning is not the major factor but the child engages in sporting activities for fun, enjoyment and normal participation. In this case, success is contributed through fun and creativity. The participation in various roles under different games helps in stimulation of the child creativity and imagination. The children are in a position of exploring as well as interacting with the environment. This is in addition to testing their motor skills, interaction and solving of problem individually (Holt 2008). In the middle childhood, sporting becomes a regular activity for children. Sporting helps in development of confidence in various areas including â€Å"social, emotional, mental and physical aspects. † This helps them in mastering and neglecting the negative influences. Sporting at this level also help in cooperation and competition that are constructive. In addition, it works in the independence in solving conflicts and being responsible (Murphy 2005). During the early adolescent stage, the children experience various body developments and this could be coupled with emotional stress and instability. Sporting helps the teenagers to control their emotions and making of responsible choices. During sporting activities, the exchange of information helps in development of communication skills which helps them in expression and solving of problems (Barez 2008). Sporting helps in literal interpretation and respect where one learns to adhere to various rules. There is a schedule that must be followed for exercising and this works in building of responsibility where one should also be committed and able to persevere. During various competitions, sporting helps the teenagers to develop self control as well as respecting others where one is able to accept wins with humility as well as losing. Teammates are supportive and this with various other traits goes beyond the field to the individual ways of living (Murphy 2005). In the late adolescent, according to Barez (2008), sporting plays a major role where teenagers are involved in various decisions making including â€Å"personal relationships, higher education, vocational training and career activities. Various hardships like â€Å"unemployment, financial strains, career confusion, unsatisfactory work experiences and lack of family support† among others pose a great threat to individual life. Sporting helps in provision of increased levels of self esteem, perseverance and self discipline. Sporting helps in supporting self competence and independence. However, sporting in itself is also a career and work as source of income. Through sporting one establishes his personal goals as well as career objectives (Barez 2008). Conclusion  Sporting is a major part of personal life which helps in achievement of high life standards and expectations. First, sporting acts as a motivational tool which works in encouragement and development of effective learning methods. It helps one to have specific life goals and objectives by focusing on training goals which calls for self discipline and responsibility. One is able to work without supervision with consistency which calls for commitment for performance. One is able to undergo great perseverance and can approach problems with confidence.

Littlefield Executive Summary

Production Planning and Inventory Control CTPT 310 Littlefield Simulation Executive Report Arlene Myers: 260299905 Rubing Mo: 260367907 Brent Devenne: 260339080 Miyaoka Scenario, Re: Littlefield Technology Simulation Game: Inventory Management Executive Summary At the onset of the game, we determined there were a few key things that had to be addressed to succeed. The first was to avoid stock outs which had already occurred in the first 50 days. We quickly moved to avoid stock outs by raising the order point.We did this without formal calculations at first to ensure we did not suffer anymore stock outs while we did the analyses. Upon further analysis, we determined the average demand to date to have been 12. 3 orders per day. We forecast demand to stay relatively stable throughout the game based on the information provided. The standard deviation for the period was 3. 64 and the safety factor we decided to use was 3. 0 (98. 86% certainty). Based on the consistent lead time of 4 days, we needed ? 49 kits plus safety stock of 2 x 3. 64 x 3 ? 2 which gave us our order point of 71 kits. Immediately after determining this, we moved to the EOQ: EOQ=2* 3216*1000. 1* 600This equation gave us our final order quantity of 327, although based on slight demand fluctuations we had been at 321 prior to that. Our next move was to determine what machines need to be purchased and how many. Our strategy was to get lead times down below . 5 days and offer customers that lead time to maximize revenue. The difference between remaining at $750/order vs. $1250/order could have been as high as 1. million dollars over the life of the game (218 days) therefore the cost of new machines was small compared to the benefit and the overall revenue potential made it imperative to get to the lowest lead times possible. Because all stations were at times operating at full, we knew that all would create a bottleneck if left to operate as is. We could also see based on the order intake on a given d ay as compared to their operating ratio for the various stations, that a single machine added to each may be sufficient.We immediately decided to purchase machines for all stations believing this may be sufficient to drop lead times to our target. Shortly after purchasing these machines, we changed to contract #2, and after more monitoring we were able to fairly quickly change to contract #3 without any further machine purchases. We monitored lead times and revenues constantly, but at no time felt that the purchase of additional machines was necessary. We believe that our speed at getting these decisions made, and the changes put in place, was crucial to our eventual success.We did see large drops in cash when inventory was purchased but believed that we had done the correct calculations and that we were best to stay the course. We did exactly that until shortly before the time we were to lose control of the factory. We looked at several different strategies to ensure stock was avai lable throughout the last 50 days of the game and that we got caught with minimal inventory at the end of the game. The original plan was to order sufficient inventory and safety stock and carry it through, but upon changing our order point, we quickly realized that we had inadvertently order 350 kits immediately.This forced us to change the strategy slightly, we lowered the order point to almost lead times based on the consistency of the demand and safety stock, and calculated the units we would require, plus enough to ensure that we did not order kits immediately prior to the shutdown. If this plan had worked perfectly, we would have ended up with 51 kits in stock, but that would have required that the demand during the last 50 days be higher than the average. This could have happened based on standard deviation, but as it turns out the daily average demand for the period was exactly 12.We ended up with 182 kits remaining, obviously more than we had hoped, but we did not get caugh t with an outstanding order, or a huge number of units. In conclusion we ended the game in first place and therefore would change very little about how we played the game. We would have been able to reduce the inventory on hand at the end of the game, but the fundamental strategy of getting lead times below . 5 days and maximizing revenue, and our willingness to trust that the calculations made would lead to maximum revenue despite times when we dropped from first, allowed us to win this game.